Caribbean girl here, please explain layering to me. I’m always either hot or cold.

Hello all! I have just moved to a mountain town last year and have picked up skiing. My first time seeing snow was like two years ago and I’m in my 30s so this is all new to me. Even after watching several “get ready with me” type videos, I am struggling to understand how to dress properly. I find I am always either too cold or too hot.

I know this is subjective but, in general, at what temperatures do you wear what? When do you decide to wear a shell pant/bib/jacket vs more insulated ones? Also what’s the thinner looking jacket some people wear below the outside jacket called? When you wear shells do you only have the thermal base layer underneath? When it’s REALLY cold, how many layers do you have on? I recently ski’d in 8F and I was MISERABLE. My toes felt like they would fall off.

Also, how do you account for it being sunny or cloudy? Sometimes I see it’s like 25F, which to me it’s cold so I dress very warm, but then the sun makes me hot and I sweat. But if I switch to my shell jacket, I’m freezing. 😭

Please any tips and tricks are so appreciated.